Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 27-31 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4029/2022
Miguel Ángel Astráin, Estrella García, Jesús de Santiago, Miguel Sánchez
ABSTRACT
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that severely conditions the quality of life of people who suffer from it. It is characterized by general musculoskeletal pain, excessive fatigue for the physical activity performed, poor sleep hygiene or emotional disturbances. It is a very prevalent pathology and can affect up to 2-3 % of the population, mostly middle-aged women. Diagnosis is clinical, based on physical examination and usually it is usually carried out late. According to the literature, there is a delay of approximately two years from diagnosis to the initiation of appropriate treatment. During this time, the consumption of resources derived by unnecessary testing or loss of working hours derivate from the fibromyalgia makes it a major health problem.
Conditioned by that unknown etiology, the available treatment for fibromyalgia is not curative. There are several treatments that have shown a beneficial effect on the evolution of the disease, such as patient education or psychotherapy, physical exercise and pharmacological treatment. Despite their variety, none of these treatments achieves a permanent and lasting improvement. This will lead to a constant search by these patients for alternative treatments that bring them new results.
Currently, medical cannabis is one of those possible new treatments that has a certain illusion or hope as an alternative to these patients. We will proceed to analyze the current situation of fibromyalgia disease, as well as a systematic review of the evidence existing to date between fibromyalgia and cannabinoids.
RESUMEN
La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica de etiología desconocida hasta la fecha, que asocia una sintomatología muy variada, condicionando severamente la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen. Clínicamente se caracteriza por presentar dolor musculoesquelético generalizado, cansancio desmesurado para la actividad física realizada, mala higiene del sueño o alteraciones emocionales. Se trata de una patología prevalente, pudiendo llegar a afectar hasta un 2-3 % de la población, en su mayoría mujeres de edad media. El diagnóstico es clínico y habitualmente tardío. Según la literatura, existe una demora de aproximadamente dos años desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio de un tratamiento adecuado. Durante este tiempo, el consumo de recursos derivados por pruebas innecesarias o pérdida de jornadas laborales la convierte en un problema de salud de primera índole.
Condicionado por esa etiología desconocida, el tratamiento disponible para la fibromialgia no es curativo. Existen diversos tratamientos que han demostrado un efecto beneficioso en la evolución de la enfermedad como una educación del paciente, psicoterapia, ejercicio físico y tratamiento farmacológico. A pesar de su variedad, ninguno de estos tratamientos consigue de manera efectiva una mejoría permanente y duradera, lo que va a dar lugar a una búsqueda constante por parte de estos pacientes de tratamientos alternativos que les aporten nuevos resultados.
En la actualidad, el cannabis medicinal es uno de esos posibles nuevos tratamientos que goza de una ilusión o esperanza como alternativa del tratamiento analgésico en estos pacientes. Se va a proceder a analizar la situación actual de la enfermedad de la fibromialgia, así como una revisión sistemática sobre la evidencia existente hasta la fecha, entre la fibromialgia y los cannabinoides.
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