ISSN: 1134-8046
e-ISSN: 2254-6189

Indexada en:

Busqueda avanzada

Year 2020 / Volume 27 / Number 5

Abstract PDF HTML

Review

Opioid misuse in patients with cancer pain: an integrative systematic review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 306-315 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3801/2020

María Labori, Rosa Hernández, Josep Porta

ABSTRACT

Background: Opioids are widely used for the treatment of cancer pain and non-malignant pain. There is a lot of information about opioid misuse (OM) in patients with non-malignant pain, however in cancer patients there is less evidence.
Objectives: To identify, appraise and synthesize existing evidence about epidemiology, risk factors, clinical tools and evolution of OM in patients with cancer pain.
Methods: Integrative systematic review with data extraction and narrative synthesis. PubMed, Web of Science y PsychINFO databases were searched for articles published through 31 December 2017. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) published in English, Spanish or French language; and 2) containing data on the prevalence or incidence of OM in patients with cancer pain; or/and 3) providing information about OM risk factors, mortality, duration and remission.
Results: The search yielded 3520 articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Four themes were identified: 1) epidemiology, 2) risk factors, 3) patient’s and professional’s opinion, and 4) specific policies. The obtained results were very heterogeneous; the prevalence of OM varied from 0 up to 26 % and the prevalence of opioid-associated aberrant behaviours from 12 to 85 %. Different risk factors for OM were identified, highlighting young age and history of psychiatric disorders or substance abuse, and different tools for risk assessment or diagnosis of OM were described. Regarding professional’s opinion, it seems to be more awareness about OM but nevertheless policies regarding this problem are scarce.
Conclusions: Even though there is a greater awareness among professionals about OM in cancer patients, the current information is very heterogeneous and does not allow clear conclusions. For this reason, it will be necessary to carry out new studies trying to standardize criteria and establish better protocols and policies for detection and management of OM.

RESUMEN

Introducción: Los opioides son ampliamente utilizados para el control del dolor oncológico y no oncológico. Existe mucha información sobre el uso inadecuado de opioides (UIO) en pacientes no oncológicos, sin embargo en pacientes oncológicos existe menos evidencia.
Objetivos: Identificar, analizar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la epidemiología, los factores de riesgo, instrumentos clínicos y evolución del UIO en pacientes con dolor oncológico.
Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática integradora de la literatura con extracción de datos y síntesis narrativa. Las fuentes utilizadas para buscar artículos publicados hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2017 fueron las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y PsychINFO. Se eligieron aquellos artículos que siguieran los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1) publicados en lengua inglesa, española o francesa, y 2) que incluyesen información sobre la prevalencia o incidencia del UIO en pacientes con dolor oncológico, o/y 3) que aportasen información sobre factores de riesgo, mortalidad, duración del UIO y su remisión.
Resultados: De la búsqueda surgieron 3520 artículos, de los cuales 40 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron cuatro áreas temáticas: 1) epidemiología, 2) factores de riesgo, 3) opinión de pacientes y profesionales, y 4) políticas específicas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy heterogéneos, identificándose una prevalencia que oscila entre el 0 y el 26 % en el UIO y entre el 12 y el 85 % en las conductas aberrantes relacionadas con opioides. Se identificaron diferentes factores de riesgo de UIO, destacando la edad joven y la presencia de antecedentes psiquiátricos o de abuso de sustancias, y se describieron diferentes instrumentos dirigidos a la evaluación del riesgo o bien al diagnóstico del UIO. En cuanto a la opinión de los profesionales, parece haber un incremento de la sensibilización al respecto, pero las políticas de los centros en relación con esta problemática suelen ser casi inexistentes.
Conclusiones: A pesar de que existe una mayor sensibilización de los profesionales acerca del UIO en pacientes oncológicos, la información de que disponemos es muy heterogénea y no nos permite extraer conclusiones claras. Por esta razón será necesaria la realización de nuevos estudios intentando homogeneizar criterios y establecer mejores protocolos y políticas de detección e intervención frente al UIO.

Complete Article

Nuevo comentario

Security code:

Comentarios

No comments in this article

Bibliografía

1. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. 5ª ed. Arlington, VA: Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría; 2014.

3. Webster L, St Marie B, McCarberg B, Passik SD, Panchal SJ, Voth E. Current status and evolving role of abuse-deterrent opioids in managing patients with chronic pain. J Opioid Manag. 2011;7(3):235-45. DOI: 10.5055/jom.2011.0066.

DOI: 10.5055/jom.2011.0066

4. Passik SD, Weinreb HJ. Managing chronic nonmalignant pain: overcoming obstacles to the use of opioids. Adv Ther. 2000;17(2):70-83. DOI: 10.1007/BF02854840.

DOI: 10.1007/BF02854840

5. Del Fabbro E. Assessment and management of chemical coping in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(16):1734-8. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.5170.

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.5170

6. Brown RL, Rounds LA. Conjoint screening questionnaires for alcohol and other drug abuse: criterion validity in a primary care practice. Wis Med J. 1995;94(3):135-40.

7. Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. Pain Med. 2005;6(6):434-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.00072.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.00072.x

8. Akbik H, Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez K, Katz NP, Jamison RN. Validation and clinical application of the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP). J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;32(3):287-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.03.010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.03.010

9. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, Houle B, Benoit C, Katz N, et al. Development and validation of the Current Opioide Misuse Measure. Pain. 2007;130(1-2):144-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.014.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.014

10. Manchikanti L, Singh A. Therapeutic opioids: a ten-year perspective on the complexities and complications of the escalating use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids. Pain Physician. 2008; 11(2 Suppl):S63-88.

11. Jay GW, Barkin RL. Perspectives on the opioid crisis from pain medicine clinicians. Dis Mon. 2018;64(10):451-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.07.002.

DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.07.002

12. Shipton EA, Shipton EE, Shipton AJ. A Review of the opioid epidemic: What do we do about it? Pain Ther. 2018;7(1):23-36. DOI: 10.1007/s40122-018-0096-7.

DOI: 10.1007/s40122-018-0096-7

13. U.S. Department of Justice – Drug enforcement administration – Diversion control division [Internet]. Springfield, VA. Disponible en: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/arcos/retail_drug_summary/index.html.

15. Madadi P, Hildebrandt D, Lauwers AE, Koren G. Characteristics of opioid-users whose death was related to opioid-toxicity: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60600. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060600.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060600

16. Schubert I, Ihle P, Sabatowski R. Increase in opiate prescription in Germany between 2000 and 2010: a study based on insurance data. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110(4):45-51. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0045.

DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0045

17. Carmichael AN, Morgan L, Del Fabbro E. Identifying and assessing the risk of opioid abuse in patients with cancer: an integrative review. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016;7:71-9.

18. Sociedad científica española de estudios sobre el alcohol, el alcoholismo y las otras toxicomanías (Socidrogalcohol). Guía de consenso para el buen uso de analgésicos opioides en el dolor crónico. 1ª ed, 2017. ISBN: 978-84-945737-4-3.

19. Miaskowski C, Dodd MJ, West C, Paul SM, Tripathy D, Koo P, et al. Lack of adherence with the analgesic regimen: a significant barrier to effective cancer pain management. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(23):4275-9. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.23.4275.

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.23.4275

20. Nguyen LM, Rhondali W, De la Cruz M, Hui D, Palmer L, Kang DH, et al. Frequency and predictors of patient deviation from prescribed opioids and barriers to opioid pain management in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013;45(3):506-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.02.023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.02.023

21. Mayahara M, Foreman MD, Wilbur J, Paice JA, Fogg LF. Effect of hospice nonprofessional caregiver barriers to pain management on adherence to analgesic administration recommendations and patient outcomes. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015;16(3):249-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2014.07.001.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2014.07.001

22. Hojsted J, Sjogren P. Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: a literature review. Eur J Pain. 2007;11(5):490-518. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.08.004.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.08.004

23. Minozzi S, Amato L, Davoli M. Development of dependence following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief: a systematic review. Addiction. 2013;108(4):688-98. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04005.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04005.x

24. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005

25. Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. 2005;52(5):546-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x

26. Carroll C, Booth A, Lloyd-Jones M. Should we exclude inadequately reported studies from qualitative systematic reviews? An evaluation of sensitivity analyses in two case study reviews. Qual Health Res. 2012;22(10):1425-34. DOI: 10.1177/1049732312452937.

DOI: 10.1177/1049732312452937

27. Kanner RM, Foley KM. Patterns of narcotic drug use in a cancer pain clinic. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;362:161-72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb12804.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb12804.x

28. Sun WZ, Chen TL, Fan SZ, Peng WL, Wang MS, Huang FY. Can cancer pain attenuate the physical dependence on chronic long-term morphine treatment? J Formos Med Assoc. 1992;91(5):513-20.

29. Ljungman G, Gordh T, Sörensen S, Kreuger A. Pain in paediatric oncology: interviews with children, adolescents and their parents. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88(6):623-30. DOI: 10.1080/08035259950169279.

DOI: 10.1080/08035259950169279

30. Vainio A. Practising physicians’ experiences of treating patients with cancer pain. Acta Oncol. 1989;28(2):177-82. DOI: 10.3109/02841868909111243.

DOI: 10.3109/02841868909111243

31. Tabei SZ, Heydari ST, Mehrabani D, Shamsina SJ, Ahmadi J, Firouzi SM. Current substance use in patients with gastric cancer in Southern Iran. J Cancer Res Ther. 2006;2(4):182-5. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.29828.

DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.29828

32. Santana Pineda MM, Jover López-Rodrigálvarez R, Rodríguez Sainz P, Gómez Cortes MD, Rodríguez Huertas F, Morgado Muñoz I. Uso y abuso de opioides en el área norte de la provincia de Cádiz. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2016;23(3):127-34.

DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3446/2016

33. Payne R, Coluzzi P, Hart L, Simmonds M, Lyss A, Rauck R, et al. Long-term safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for breakthrough cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;22(1):575-83. DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00306-2.

DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00306-2

34. Taylor D, Radbruch L, Revnic J, Torres LM, Ellershaw JE, Perelman M. A report on the long-term use of fentanyl pectin nasal spray in patients with recurrent breakthrough pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014;47(6):1001-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.07.012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.07.012

35. Kwon JH, Tanco K, Park JC, Wong A, Seo L, Liu D, et al. Frequency, predictors, and medical record documentation of chemical coping among advanced cancer patients. Oncologist. 2015;20(6):692-7. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0012.

DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0012

36. Reddy A, de la Cruz M, Rodriguez EM, Thames J, Wu J, Chisholm G, et al. Patterns of storage, use, and disposal of opioids among cancer outpatients. Oncologist. 2014;19(7):780-5. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0071.

DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0071

37. Silvestre J, Reddy A, de la Cruz M, Wu J, Liu D, Bruera E, et al. Frequency of unsafe storage, use, and disposal practices of opioids among cancer patients presenting to the emergency department. Palliat Support Care. 2017;15(6):638-43. DOI: 10.1017/S1478951516000158.

DOI: 10.1017/S1478951516000158

38. Anghelescu DL, Ehrentraut JH, Faughnan LG. Opioid misuse and abuse: risk assessment and management in patients with cancer pain. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11(8):1023-31. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2013.0120.

DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2013.0120

39. Ehrentraut JH, Kern KD, Long SA, An AQ, Faughnan LG, Anghelescu DL. Opioid misuse behaviors in adolescents and young adults in a hematology/oncology setting. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014;39(10):1149-60. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu072.

DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu072

40. Evans PJ. Narcotic addiction in patients with chronic pain. Anaesthesia 1981;36(6):597-602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb10323.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb10323.x

41. Macaluso C, Weinberg D, Foley KM. Opioid abuse and misuse in a cancer pain population. J Pain Symptom Manage 1988;3:S24.

DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(88)90107-8

42. Schug SA, Zech D, Grond S, Jung H, Meuser T, Stobbe B. A long-term survey of morphine in cancer pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1992;7(5):259-66. DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(92)90059-q.

DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(92)90059-Q

43. Passik SD, Kirsh KL, McDonald MV, Ahn S, Russak SM, Martin L, et al. A pilot survey of aberrant drug-taking attitudes and behaviors in samples of cancer and AIDS patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;19:274-86. DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(00)00119-6.

DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00119-6

44. Passik SD, Schreiber J, Kirsh KL. A chart review of the ordering of urine toxicology screen in a cancer center: do they influence on pain management. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;19(1):40-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00137-2.

DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00137-2

45. Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Donaghy KB, Portenoy RK. Pain and aberrant drug-related behaviors in medically ill patients with and without histories of substance abuse. Clin J Pain. 2006;22(2):173-81. DOI: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000161525.48245.aa.

DOI: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000161525.48245.aa

46. Hojsted J, Nielsen PR, Guldstrand SK, Frich L, Sjogren P. Classification and identification of opioid addiction in chronic pain patients. Eur J Pain. 2010;14(10):1014-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.04.006.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.04.006

47. Bohnert AS, Valenstein M, Bair MJ, Ganoczy D, McCarthy JF, Ilgen MA, et al. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA. 2011;305(13):1315-21. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.370.

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.370

48. Novy DM, Lam C, Gritz ER, Hernandez M, Driver LC, Koyyalagunta D. Distinguishing features of cancer patients who smoke: pain, symptom burden, and risk for opioid misuse. J Pain. 2012;13(11):1058-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.07.012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.07.012

49. Koyyalagunta D, Bruera E, Aigner C, Nusrat H, Driver L, Novy D. Risk stratification of opioid misuse among patients with cancer pain using the SOAPP-SF. Pain Med. 2013;14(5):667-75. DOI: 10.1111/pme.12100.

DOI: 10.1111/pme.12100

50. Barclay JS, Owens JE, Blackhall LJ. Screening for substance abuse risk in cancer patients using the Opioid Risk Tool and urine drug screen. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22(7):1883-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2167-6.

DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2167-6

51. Ma JD, Horton JM, Hwang M, Atayee RS, Roeland EJ. A single-center, retrospective analysis evaluating the utilization of the opioid risk tool in opioid-treated cancer patients. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2014;28(1):4-9. DOI: 10.3109/15360288.2013.869647.

DOI: 10.3109/15360288.2013.869647

52. Childers JW, King LA, Arnold RM. Chronic pain and risk factors for opioid misuse in a palliative care clinic. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015;32(6):654-9. DOI: 10.1177/1049909114531445.

DOI: 10.1177/1049909114531445

53. Kwon JH, Hui D, Bruera E. A pilot study to define chemical coping in cancer patients using the Delphi method. J Palliat Med. 2015;18(8):703-6. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0446.

DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0446

54. Arthur JA, Edwards T, Lu Z, Reddy S, Hui D, Wu J, et al. Frequency, predictors, and outcomes or urine drug testing among patients with advanced cancer on chronic opioid therapy at an outpatient supportive care clinic. Cancer. 2016;122(23):3732-9. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30240.

DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30240

55. Kim YJ, Dev R, Reddy A, Hui D, Tanco K, Park M, et al. Association between tobacco use, symptom expression, and alcohol and illicit drug use in advanced cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51(4):762-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.012

56. Reyes-Gibby CC, Anderson KO, Todd KH. Risk for opioid misuse among emergency department cancer patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(2):151-8. DOI: 10.1111/acem.12861.

DOI: 10.1111/acem.12861

57. Von Roenn JH, Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Pandya KJ. Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(2):121-6. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00005.

DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00005

58. Serra E, Marchand F, Mimassi N, Ganry H. Point de vue des médecins généralistes sur les risques de survenue d'une dépendance lors de la prescription d'opioïdes forts. Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 2014;172(4):323-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2013.09.012

59. Paice JA, Toy C, Shott S. Barriers to cancer pain relief: fear of tolerance and addiction. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998;16(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00025-6.

DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(98)00025-6

60. Wills BS, Wootton YS. Concerns and misconceptions about pain among Hong Kong Chinese patients with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 1999;22(6):408-13. DOI: 10.1097/00002820-199912000-00002.

DOI: 10.1097/00002820-199912000-00002

61. Davies AN, Vriens J, Kennett A, McTaggart M. An observational study of oncology patients’ utilization of breakthrough pain medication. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(4):406-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.05.010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.05.010

62. Reid CM, Gooberman-Hill R, Hanks GW. Opioid analgesics for cancer pain: symptom control for the living or comfort for the dying? A qualitative study to investigate the factors influencing the decision to accept morphine for pain caused by cancer. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(1):44-8. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm462.

DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm462

63. Jacobsen R, Samsanaviciene J, Liuabarskiene Z, Sciupokas A. Barriers to pain management among Lithuanian cancer patients. Pain Pract. 2010;10(2):145-57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00333.x.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00333.x

64. Alsirafy SA, Saleh RN, Fawzy R, Alnagar AA, Hammad AM, El-Sherief W, et al. The fear of using tramadol for pain control (tramadolophobia) among Egyptian patients with cancer. J Opioid Manag. 2015;11(6):474-80. DOI: 10.5055/jom.2015.0300.

DOI: 10.5055/jom.2015.0300

65. Cella IF, Trindade LCT, Sanvido LV, Skare TL. Prevalence of opiophobia in cancer pain treatment. Rev Dor. Sao Paulo. 2016;17(4):245-7.

66. Levin DN, Cleeland CS, Dar R. Public attitudes toward cancer pain. Cancer. 1985;56(9):2337-9. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19851101)56:92337::aid-cncr2820560935>3.0.co;2-w.

67. Grant M, Ugalde A, Vafiadis P, Philip J. Exploring the myths of morphine in cancer: views of the general practice population. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(2):438-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2379-9.

DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2379-9

68. Blackhall LJ, Alfons ED, Barclay JS. Screening for substance abuse and diversion in Virginia hospices. J Palliat Med. 2013;16(3):237-42. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0263.

DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0263

69. De la Cruz M, Reddy A, Balankari V, Epner M, Frisbee-Hume S, Wu J, et al. The impact of an educational program on patient practices for safe use, storage, and disposal of opioids at a comprehensive cancer center. Oncologist. 2017;22(1):115-21. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0266.

DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0266

70. Rosón B, Corbella X, Perney P, Santos A, Stauber R, Lember M, et al. Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Risk Factors for Non-recording of Alcohol Use in Hospitals across Europe: The ALCHIMIE Study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2016;51(4):457-64. DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv142.

DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv142

71. Ferrel BR, Temel JS, Temin S, Alesi ER, Balboni TA, Basch EM, et al. Integration of palliative care into standard oncology care: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(1):96-112.

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.1474

72. Kaasa S, Loge JH, Aapro M, Albreht T, Anderson R, Bruera E, et al. Integration of oncology and palliative care: a Lancet Oncology Comission. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(11):e588-e653. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30415-7.

DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30415-7

73. Higginson IJ, Evans CJ, Grande G, Preston N, Morgan M, McCrone P, et al. Evaluating complex interventions in end of life care: the MORECare statement on good practice generated by a synthesis of transparent expert consultations and systematic reviews. BMC Med. 2013;11:111. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-111.

DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-111

Tablas y Figuras

Table I

Figure 1

Anexos

Annex 1

Annex 2

Instrucciones para citar

Labori M, Hernández R, Porta J. Opioid misuse in patients with cancer pain: an integrative systematic review of the literature. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2020; 27(5): 306-315 / DOI: 1020986/resed20203801/2020

Descargar a un gestores de citas

Descargue la cita de este artículo haciendo clic en uno de los siguientes gestores de citas:

Métrica

Este artículo ha sido visitado 47774 veces.
Este artículo ha sido descargado 46 veces.

Estadísticas de Dimensions

Estadísticas de Plum Analytics

Ficha Técnica

Recibido: 12/03/2020

Aceptado: 06/06/2020

Prepublicado: 02/09/2020

Publicado: 16/10/2020

Tiempo de revisión del artículo: 76 días

Tiempo de prepublicación: 174 días

Tiempo de edición del artículo: 218 días

Este artículo aun no tiene valoraciones.

Reader rating:

Rate this article:

Send by e-mail

Gestión de Cookies	Nombre	Tipo de Cookie	Función
Google	NID, PREF	Persistente	Personalizar los anuncios que se muestran en los servicios de Google.
Google Analytics	__utma, __utmb, __utmc, __utmz	Persistente	Conocer de forma anónima, nº de visitantes, procedencia, páginas visitadas, etc.