Year 2022 / Volume 29 / Number 2

Original

Cross-sectional study on factors related to chronic pain and its care, according to sex

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 61-70 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3968/2022

Ana Garzón, Maria Ángeles Rodríguez, José Carlos Garzón, Rosa Soledad Díaz, Francisco José Sánchez, Nieves Fresneña


ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of people with chronic non-oncologic pain, according to sex.
Patients and method: Cross-sectional study in the Pain Unit of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca between March and September 2020. Consecutive sampling was performed, obtaining 105 patients. Data were extracted from the medical records (HHCC) for clinical variables and an ad hoc questionnaire for demographic and socioeconomic variables. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed according to sex.
Results: Most of the patients with chronic pain were women (61.9 %) aged 56 years, Spanish, living in Salamanca and with a partner. Their level of education is medium/low and they are unemployed (p = 0.007). They are not the main economic providers of the family nucleus (p < 0.00) and their income is less than 950 euros per month (p = 0.001). They own a house and live with other people. Their main activity is domestic or care work (p = 0.008). They suffer from chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain associated with structural alterations, with non-specific chronic low back pain as the most frequent diagnosis. They have more concomitant pathologies than men, with HT being the most frequent, and psychiatric disorders more prevalent in them. They are treated with analgesics and peripheral nerve blocks, responding favorably.
Conclusion: Identifying the higher frequency of women, with their specific sociodemographic and clinical context, reflects the need to address sex and gender roles and thus take them into account when assessing how both influence the experience of chronic pain and how to carry out the care and management of our patients.



RESUMEN

Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas de las personas con dolor crónico no oncológico, según sexo.
Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal en la Unidad del Dolor del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca entre marzo y septiembre de 2020. Se realizó un muestreo consecutivo, obteniendo 105 pacientes. Los datos se extrajeron de las historias clínicas (HHCC) para las variables clínicas y un cuestionario realizado ad hoc para las variables demográficas y socioeconómicas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables, según sexo.
Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes con dolor crónico son mujeres (61,9 %) de 56 años, españolas, con residencia en Salamanca y con pareja. Su nivel de estudios es medio/bajo y están en situación de desempleo (p = 0,007). No son las principales proveedoras económicas del núcleo familiar (p < 0,00) y sus ingresos son inferiores a 950 euros al mes (p = 0,001). Poseen vivienda y conviven con otras personas. Su principal actividad son labores domésticas o de cuidados (p = 0,008). Padecen dolor musculoesquelético secundario crónico asociado a alteraciones estructurales, con lumbalgia crónica inespecífica como el diagnóstico más frecuente. Tienen más patologías concomitantes que los hombres, siendo la HTA la más frecuente, y los trastornos psiquiátricos más prevalentes en ellas. Están tratadas con analgésicos y bloqueos de nervios periféricos, respondiendo favorablemente.
Conclusión: Identificar la mayor frecuencia de mujeres, con su contexto sociodemográfico y clínico específico, refleja la necesidad de abordar el sexo y los roles de género, y así tenerlos en cuenta a la hora de evaluar cómo influyen ambos en la vivencia del dolor crónico y de cómo llevar a cabo la asistencia y el manejo de nuestros pacientes.





Complete Article

Nuevo comentario

Security code:
CAPTCHA code image
Speak the codeChange the code
 

Comentarios

No comments in this article

Bibliografía

1. World Health Organization. ICD-11 international classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics [Internet]; 2022. Disponible en: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
2. Margarit C. La nueva clasificación internacional de enfermedades (CIE-11) y el dolor crónico. Implicaciones prácticas. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2019;26(4):209-10. DOI: 1020986/resed20193752/2019.
3. Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP classification of chronic pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain. 2019;160(1):19-27.
4. Sá KN, Moreira L, Baptista AF, Yeng LT, Teixeira MJ, Galhardoni R, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Rep. 2019;4(6): e779.
5. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(4):287-333.
6. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Encuesta Nacional de Salud ENSE, España 2017 [Internet]; Ministerio de Sanidad; 2017. Disponible en: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuesta2017.htm
7. Català E, Reig E, Artés M, Aliaga L, López JS, Segú JL. Prevalence of pain in the spanish population: telephone survey in 5000 homes. Eur J Pain. 2002;6(2):133-40.
8. Jiménez I, López-de-Andrés A, Del Barrio JL, Hernández-Barrera V, Valero-de-Bernabé M, Jiménez-García R. Gender differences in the prevalence and characteristics of pain in spain: report from a population-based study. Pain Med. 2019;20(12):2349-59.
9. Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. Sex differences in pain perception. Gender medicine. Official Journal of the Partnership for Gender-specific Medicine at Columbia University. 2005;2(3):137-45.
10. Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL 3rd. Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain. 2009;10(5):447-85.
11. Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-8.
12. Mogil JS, Bailey AL. Sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia. Prog Brain Res. 2010;186:141-57.
13. Bartley EJ, Palit S. Gender and Pain. Curr Anesthesiol Rep. 2016;6(4):344-53.
14. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22.
15. Gallach E, Bermejo M, Robledo R, Izquierdo R, Canos M. Determinantes de género en el abordaje del dolor crónico. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2020;27(4):252-6.
16. Leresche L. Defining gender disparities in pain management. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(7):1871-7.
17. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Indicadores básicos para el análisis de la equidad de género en salud. Washington DC: OPS; 2004.
18. García MM, Del Río M y Marcos J. Guía de indicadores para medir las desigualdades de género en salud y sus determinantes. Granada: Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública; 2013.
19. Casals M, Samper D. Epidemiología, prevalencia y calidad de vida del dolor crónico no oncológico: Estudio ITACA. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2004;11(5):260-9.
20. Greenspan JD, Craft RM, leresche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 2007;132(Suppl. 1):S26-S45.
21. Noceda JJ, Moret C, Lauzirika I. Características del dolor osteomuscular crónico en pacientes de atención primaria: resultados de un centro rural y otro urbano. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2006; 13(5):287-93.
22. Masedo AI, Camacho L. Nivel socioeconómico bajo y el dolor incapacitante en pacientes de la Unidad del Dolor. Cienc Enferm. 2016;22(3):77-84.
23. Cortiñas-Sáenz M, Bonilla-García JL, Arnedo C, Navajas AI, Menoyo MB, López R et al. Crisis económica española y salud: impacto clínico en el dolor crónico. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2015;22(2):51-8.
24. Fillingim RB. Individual differences in pain: understanding the mosaic that makes pain personal. Pain. 2017;158(Suppl 1):S11-8.
25. Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG, Kidner CL, Mcgeary D. Are gender, marital status or parenthood risk factors for outcome of treatment for chronic disabling spinal disorders? J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15(2):191-201.
26. Defrin R, Shramm L, Eli I. Gender role expectations of pain is associated with pain tolerance limit but not with pain threshold. Pain. 2009;145(1-2):230-6.
27. Wijnhoven HA, de Vet HC, Picavet HSJ. Explaining sex differences in chronic musculoskeletal pain in a general population. Pain. 2006;124(1-2):158-66.
28. Ruiz-Cantero María T., Verdú-Delgado María. Sesgo de género en el esfuerzo terapéutico. Gac Sanit. 2004;18(4):118-25.
29. Malik KM, Beckerly R, Imani F. Musculoskeletal Disorders a Universal Source of Pain and Disability Misunderstood and Mismanaged: A Critical Analysis Based on the U.S. Model of Care. Anesth Pain Med. 2018;8(6):e85532.
30. Velasco M. Dolor musculoesquelético: fibriomialgia y dolor miofascial. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2019;30(6):414-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2019.10.002

Artículos relacionados

Continuous electrical stimulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. A systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(4): 217-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4043/2022

Ultrasound-guided ankle nerve block as adjuvant therapy in chronic pain after occupational injury.

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 178-186 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4035/2022

Pharmacogenetics in analgesic response: towards a sex-differences personalized medicine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 115-124 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4042/2022

Superior hypogastric plexus block for the management of non-oncological chronic pelvic pain: effectiveness and safety

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 109-114 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4038/2022

Pulsed radiofrequency of the supraescapular nerve in the treatment of painful shoulder

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 36-48 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4046/2022

Prevalence of glossodynia. Burning mouth syndrome and associated risk factors in the population of Ciudad Real

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 15-29 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4045/2022

Can suicidal behaviour in chronic pain patients be prevented?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 5-6 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4080/2023

Efficacy of physiotherapy on the anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 157-168 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3994/2022

Psychological intervention program to promoted active coping in patients with chronic back pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 149-156 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3993/2022

The biopsychosocial nature of chronic pelvic floor pain: a narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 97-113 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3981/2022

Myofascial pain syndrome in the female pelvic floor musculature. Narrative review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 88-96 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3970/2022

Practical aspects of product selection and titration with medical cannabis for chronic pain management

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 43-51 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4031/2022

Medical cannabis treatment in patients with visceral chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 32-42 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4030/2022

Current evidence of medical cannabis treatment in patients with chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 10-13 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4024/2022

Some preclinical results of cannabinoids and pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 3-9 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4033/2022

Bone pain management with opioid medication in a patient with Camurati-Engelmann disease: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 51-55 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3930/2021

Recommendations for the safe prescription of opioids in patients with a history or risk of abuse

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 343-349 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3935/2021

Use of botulinum toxin for pain after amputation

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 332-342 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3943/2021

Thalalgic triad. A new clinical entity from a case series

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 276-281 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3941/2021

Efficacy and complications of analgesic techniques for the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative acute pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 264-265 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3942/2021

The unsolved problem of postoperative pain: critical analysis and prospects for improvement

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 232-238 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3917/2021

Clinical recommendations for rehabilitation of people with fibromyalgia. A narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 194-210 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3932/2021

Persistent hiccups after epidural injection of betamethasone: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 169-171 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3914/2021

Does it decrease the efficacy or safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic pain?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 115-116 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3933/2021

Analgesic effectiveness of tapentadol in neuropathic pain secondary to post-laminectomy syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 71-75 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3822/2020

Parsonage-turner after rabies vaccination due to bat bite: case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 57-61 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3832/2020

Inflammatory mediators: its connection with chronic pain and associated problems. Review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 37-46 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3841/2020

New pharmacological targets for osteoarthritis induced pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 57-63 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3863/2020

Opioids in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 49-56 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3855/2020

Central sensitization in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 31-37 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3876/2020

Experimental models for pain evaluation in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 18-30 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3872/2020

Epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutic objectives in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 4-10 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3874/2020

Adaptation of the chronic pain unit of the Hospital Complex from Vigo to the state of alarm due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 392-393 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3827/2020

Transitional pain clinic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 369-374 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3840/2020

School of non-oncologic chronic pain patients and opioid treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 324-328 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3804/2020

Therapeutic failure of the lumbar medial branch block and its relation to obesity. Retrospective cohort study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 298-305 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3829/2020

Efficacy of lidocaine perfusions in fibromyalgia: a prospective cohort study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 287-291 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3796/2020

Pain: a "hotchpotch"

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 278-280 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3507/2016

Splanchnic nerve block for the treatment of benign chronic abdominal pain. a case report and literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 273-277 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3818/2020

Clinical pathophysiology in patients with sickle cell disease: the transition from acute to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 257-268 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3814/2020

Gender determinants in the approach to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 252-256 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3802/2020

Incidence of postmastectomy pain syndrome. Retrospective analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 246-251 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3797/2020

Sociodemographic and clinical characterization in patients with chronic back pain, Cienfuegos 2019

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 239-245 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3798/2020

Spinal cord stimulation. Analysis of the diagnostic indications

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 234-238 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3777/2019

Suboccipital decompression as an alternative in the treatment of pain secundary to occipital neuralgia: a case series

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 221-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3791/2020

Symptomatic treatment for migraña. Drugs used and related variables. Results of the european survey on work and migraine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 178-191 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3744/2019

Drug consumption used for musculoskeletal pain treatment in a cohort of blue-collar workers in Zaragoza (Spain)

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 150-159 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3749/2019

COVID-19 coronavirus and chronic pain: uncertainties

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 72-73 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3808/2020

Conventional radiofrequency for genicular nerves in treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 59-60 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3515/2016

Effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia in acute and chronic pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 24-36 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3747/2019

Correlation between pain and radiological parameters in patients older than 60 years of age with distal radius fracture

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 324-330 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3720/2018

Connexins in chronic pain. A new target?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 322-323 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3785/2019

The use of new technologies in patients with chronic pain. A reality that cannot be denied

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(5): 259-260 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3766/2019

Orofacial pain in the dental clinic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 233-242 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3724/2019

Characterization of pain in patients with breast cancer attending the Oncology Unit of the San José Hospital

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 221-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3692/2018

The new international classification of diseases (ICD-11) and chronic pain. Pragmatical implications

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 209-210 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3752/2019

Manual therapy, a double-edged weapon in the management of chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 206-207 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3675/2018

Opioid tapering may improve outcomes for chronic pain patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 204-205 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3615/2017

Myofascial pain syndrome as a cause of postoperative acute pain in hip surgery

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 117-119 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3655/2018

Effectiveness of hand crossing to produce analgesia in patients with chronic pain of the upper limb

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 81-88 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3674/2018

Opioids and addiction in chronic pain: is it a problem?, how to address it?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 65-67 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3736/2019

Oxytocin and chronic pain in humans

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 52-58 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3664/2018

Proctalgia and pudendal nerve entrapment: an association to know

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 311-317 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3623/2017

Radiofrequency thermal and splanchnics nerves block

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(5): 303-304 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3509/2016

Implications of bioethics in the treatment of chronic pain: the change of paradigms

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(5): 291-300 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3666/2018

Pain in the elderly and in patients with cognitive deficit. A DELPHI study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(5): 251-262 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3621/2017

Chrono study: prevalence of breakthrough pain among patients with non-cancer chronic pain in Andalusia, Spain

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(4): 214-221 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3626/2017

Sex and pain: sexual satisfaction and sexual function in a sample of patients with chronic, non-pelvic pain

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(3): 145-154 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3600/2017

Painometer v2®: a mobile application certified for monitoring patients with pain

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(2):112-120 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3555/2016

Potential uses of Mirtazapine in palliative care beyond its antidepressant effect

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(1): 37-44 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3575/2017

Epidural analgesia vs. surgical wound analgesia to control acute post-operative pain in open colon surgery

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2017; 24(5): 234-240 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3559/2016

Chronic pain: relationship with prefrontal symptoms and perceived stress

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2017; 24(4): 179-187 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3540/2016

Prevalence of breakthrough pain associated with chronic low back pain in Andalusia (COLUMBUS study)

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2017; 24(3):116-124 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3548/2016

Factors associated with pain intensity in Mexican patients hospitalized in postoperative period

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2017; 24(1): 4-10 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3442/2016

Instrucciones para citar

Garzón A, Rodríguez M, Garzón J, Díaz R, Sánchez F, Fresneña N, et all. Cross-sectional study on factors related to chronic pain and its care, according to sex. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2022; 29(2): 61-70 / DOI: 1020986/resed20223968/2022


Descargar a un gestores de citas

Descargue la cita de este artículo haciendo clic en uno de los siguientes gestores de citas:

Métrica

Este artículo ha sido visitado 9827 veces.
Este artículo ha sido descargado 3 veces.

Estadísticas de Dimensions


Estadísticas de Plum Analytics

Ficha Técnica

Recibido: 03/01/2022

Aceptado: 01/08/2022

Prepublicado: 10/08/2022

Publicado: 25/11/2022

Tiempo de revisión del artículo: 110 días

Tiempo de prepublicación: 219 días

Tiempo de edición del artículo: 326 días


Compartir

Este artículo aun no tiene valoraciones.
Reader rating:
Rate this article:
© 2024 Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
ISSN: 1134-8046   e-ISSN: 2254-6189

      Indexada en: