Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2024; 31(1): 32-39 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2024.4131/2024
Patricia Bonilla, Paula Elizabeth Quizhpe, Carolina Suárez
ABSTRACT
The pain that occurs after surgery and that persists for more than 3 months is one of the complications that has the most repercussions on the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient, as well as representing a significant expense for the health system, the knowledge of its triggers is key to its prevention and effective approach. This narrative review was carried out with the objective of determining the predisposing factors for the development of post-surgical chronic pain, after conducting a search in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar, using DeCS and MeSH terms, 27 were the articles selected for further analysis, the types of surgery that covered them, were mainly general, gynecological and thoracic surgery. As results, it was obtained that the factors related to the development of pain were: age, physical condition and comorbidities, expectations regarding pain, surgical technique and its duration, the presence or absence of acute pain after surgery, use of postoperative analgesia and recently investigated genetic polymorphisms.
RESUMEN
El dolor que se presenta posterior a la cirugía, y que persiste más de 3 meses, es una de las complicaciones que más repercusiones tiene en la calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico del paciente además de representar un gasto importante para el sistema de salud. El conocimiento de sus desencadenantes es clave para la prevención y el abordaje efectivo del mismo. Esta revisión narrativa se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de determinar los factores predisponentes para el desarrollo de dolor crónico postquirúrgico, después de realizar una búsqueda en las bases de datos, PubMed, SCOPUS y Google Scholar, mediante términos DeCS y MeSH; 27 fueron los artículos seleccionados para su posterior análisis. Los tipos de cirugía que abarcaron los mismos fueron cirugía general, ginecológica y torácica, principalmente. Como resultados, se obtuvieron que los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de dolor fueron la edad, estado físico y comorbilidades, expectativas respecto al dolor, técnica quirúrgica y su duración, la presencia o no de dolor agudo posterior a la cirugía, uso de analgesia postoperatoria y recientemente investigados polimorfismos genéticos.
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Bibliografía
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