Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2024; 31(1): 16-22 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2024.3996/2022
Fernando Imaz, Mauro Barone, José Luis Aguirre, Iván Cuyul, Leonardo Intelangelo
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the association between psychosocial risk, fear-avoidance beliefs and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP).
Patients and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Patients between 18 and 70 years old with DLCI greater than six months were recruited. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires in the first session. The dependent variable was psychosocial risk and was assessed with the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST). Disability, fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity were the explanatory variables. A binomial logistic regression model with the forward method was used to obtain an adjusted estimate of the probability of psychosocial risk.
Results: 85 patients with DLCI (age = 42 ± 11; 53 % women) were included. The prevalence rates of high, medium, and low risk according to SBST were 16.47 %, 45.88 % and 37.64 %, respectively. The results of the logistic regression model indicated that there is a positive association between fear-avoidance beliefs associated with work and disability. Odds ratios indicated that the greater the disability (OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.00-1.47) and fear-avoidance beliefs associated with work (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.20), the greater the probability of psychosocial risk.
Conclusions: The presence of psychosocial risk in patients with DLCI was positively associated with fear-avoidance beliefs about work and disability. More evidence is needed before the findings can be translated into physical therapy settings.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el riesgo psicosocial, las creencias miedo-evitación y la discapacidad en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico (DLCI).
Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal observacional analítico. Se reclutaron a pacientes entre 18 y 70 años con DLCI mayor a seis meses. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante cuestionarios en una única sesión. La variable dependiente fue el riesgo psicosocial y se evaluó con la STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST). La discapacidad, las creencias miedo-evitación al trabajo y a la actividad física fueron las variables explicativas. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binomial con el método hacia delante para obtener una estimación ajustada de la probabilidad de riesgo psicosocial.
Resultados: Fueron incluidos 85 pacientes con DLCI (edad = 42 ± 11; 53 % mujeres). Las tasas de prevalencia de riesgo alto, medio y bajo riesgo según SBST fue de 16.47 %, 45.88 % y 37.64 %, respectivamente. Los resultados del modelo de regresión logística indicaron que existe una asociación positiva entre las creencias miedoevitación asociadas al trabajo y la discapacidad. Las razones de Odds indicaron que a mayor discapacidad (OR = 1.21; IC 95 % = 1.00-1.47) y creencias miedo-evitación asociadas al trabajo (OR = 1.13; IC 95 % = 1.06-1.20) la probabilidad de riesgo psicosocial es mayor.
Conclusiones: La presencia de riesgo psicosocial en pacientes con DLCI estuvo positivamente asociada con las creencias miedo-evitación con el trabajo y discapacidad. Se necesitan más pruebas antes de que los hallazgos puedan trasladarse a los entornos de fisioterapia.
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