Vol. 30 No. 1 (2023), Original
Vol. 30 No. 1 (2023)

Prevalence of glossodynia. Burning mouth syndrome and associated risk factors in the population of Ciudad Real

Original
Published 2023-05-23
Nadia Carvajal Vogtschmidt
Centro de Salud Gregorio Marañón
Guillermo Romero Aguilera
Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real image/svg+xml
PDF (Spanish)
HTML (Spanish)

Keywords

Glossodynia
burning mouth syndrome
prevalence
risk factors.

Abstract

Objective: To know the real prevalence of burning mouth syndrome (BAS) and the possible associated risk factors. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study with simple random selection in people over 24 years of age. After showing up randomly, in 2015 a telephone call was made to identify patients who met the inclusion criteria. They underwent a face-to-face interview, ruling out the presence of oral lesions, anxiety, depression and analytical tests were performed. A cohort of patients already diagnosed from the Ciudad Real Dermatology Hospital database was added to analyze the possible associated risk factors compared with a control group. Characteristics of BMS patients and non-ABS controls were statistically analyzed with SPSS v 21 and chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to assess differences in group characteristics. Significance statistic was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence was 0.84 % (95 % CI 0.28-1.4). The factors that reached statistical significance in the development of BMS were the following: female sex p < 0.05 (CI 1.43-2.20), history of anxiety p < 0.05 (CI 6.4-72.47) depression p < 0.05 (CI 3.-34.40), oral candidiasis p < 0.05 (CI 1.44-16.27); and nutritional deficit p < 0.05 (CI 4.1-100.05); fear of cancer p < 0.05 (CI 1-1.36); hypothyroidism p < 0.05 (CI 1.06-31.48) and use of dental prostheses p < 0.05 (CI 1.06-32,48). Taking antidepressants p < 0.05 CI (7.28-177.86) and anxiolytics p < 0.05 (CI 7.56-99.67). The presence of subjective dry mouth p < 0.05 (IC 1.81-17,94) and objective p < 0.05 (IC 1.47-14.57). Having altered the Anxiety Questionnaire p < 0.05 (CI 10.64-183.29); and depression p < 0.05 (CI: 5.48-132.92). Conclusions: The prevalence of BMS in the Ciudad Real area is 0.84 per hundred inhabitants. Although it may have a multifactorial origin, there could be an association with the female gender, a history of anxiety, depression, the use of dental prostheses, hypothyroidism infection by oral candidiasis, the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, fear of cancer, subjective oral sequelae and current states of anxiety and depression.
PDF (Spanish)
HTML (Spanish)

References

1. Engman MF. Burning tongue. Arch Dermatol. 1920;1(2):137-8.

2. Treed RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain. 2019;160(1):19-27.

3. Tammiala-Salonen T, Hiidenkari T, Parvinen T. Burning mouth in a Finnish adult population. Community Dent.Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21(2):67-71.

4. Wu S, Zhang W, Yan J, Noma N, Young A, Yan Z. Worldwide prevalence estimates of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and metaanalisis. Oral Dis. 2022;28(6):1431-40.

5. Lipton JA, Ship JA, Robinson DL. Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported orofacial pain in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993;124(10):115-21.

6. Thorstensson B, Hugoson A. Prevalence of some oral complaints and their relation to oral health variables in an adult Swedish population. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996;54(4):257-62.

7. Ariyawardana A, Chmieliauskaite M, Farag AM, Albuquerque R, Forsell H, Nasri- Heri c, et al. World Woskshop on Oral Medicine VII: Burning mouth Syndrome. A Systematic review of disease definitions and diagnostic criteria utilized in randomized clinic trials. Oral Diseases. 2019;25(Suppl, 1):141-56.

8. Lamey PJ, Lamb AB. Prospective study of an etiological factors in burning mouth syndrome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988;296(6631):1243-6.

9. Zachariasen RD. Oral manifestations of menopause. Compendium. 1993;14(12):1584, 1586-91.

10. Ferguson MM, Carter J, Boyle P, McHart D, Lindsay R. Oral complaints related to climacteric symptoms in oophorectomized women. J R Soc Med. 1981;74(7):492-8.

11. Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Burning mouth syndrome: prevalence and associated factors. J Oral Pathol Med. 1999;28(8):350-4.

12. Ge S, Liu L, Zhou Q, Lou B, Zhou Z, Lou J, et al. Prevalence of and related risk factors in oral mucosa diseases among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China. PeerJ. 2020;8:e8644.

13. Chimenos-Kustner E, Marques-Soares MS. Burning mouth and saliva. Med Oral. 2002;7(4):244-53.

14. Cavalcanti DR, Birman EG, Migliari DA, da Silveira FR. Burning mouth syndrome: clinical profile of Brazilian patients and oral carriage of Candida species. Braz Dent J. 2007;18(4):341-5.

15. Sreebny LM, Valdini A. Xerostomia, Yu A. Part II: Relationship to nonoral symptoms, drugs, and diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;68(4):419-27.

16. Abetz LM, Savage NW. Burning mouth syndrome and psychological disorders. Aust Dent J. 2009;54(2):84-93;

17. Pereira JV, Normando AGC, Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, Rivera C, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA. The impact on quality of life in patients with burning mouth syn-drome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;131(2):186-94.

18. Hakeberg M, Berggren U, Hägglin C, Ahlqwist M. Reported burning mouth symptoms among middle-aged and elderly women. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(6):539-43.

19. Riley JL, 3rd, Gilbert GH, Heft MW. Orofacial pain symptom prevalence: selective sex differences in the elderly? Pain. 1998;76(1-2):97-104.

20. Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Burning mouth syndrome: prevalence and associated factors. J Oral Pathol Med. 1999;28(8):350-4.

21. Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Orchard T. Burning mouth syndrome and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2007;21(6):397-402.

22. Kohorst JJ, Bruce AJ, Torgerson RR, Schenck LA, Davis MD. A population-based study of the incidence of burning mouth syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(11):1545-52.

23. Kohorst JJ, Bruce AJ, Tor gerson RR, Schenck LA, Davis MDP. The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome: a population-based study. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(6):1654-6.

24. Su NY, Wang YH, Chang YC. A nationwide register-based study of the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in Taiwan from 2004 to 2013. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(4):1074-9.

25. Brailo V, Vueiaeeviae-Boras V, Alajbeg IZ, Alajbeg I, Lukenda J, Aeurkoviae M. Oral burning symptoms and burning mouth syndrome-significance of different variables in 150 patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11(3):E252-255.

26. Suzuki N, Mashu S, Toyoda M, Nishibori M. Oral burning sensation: prevalence and gender differences in a Japanese population. Pain Pract. 2010;10(4):306-11.

27. Rabiei M, Kasemnezhad E, Masoudi rad H, Shakiba M, Pourkay H. Prevalence of oral and dental disorders in institutionalised elderly people in Rasht, Iran. Gerodontology. 2010;27(3):174-7.

28. Netto FO, Diniz IM, Grossmann SM, de Abreu MH, do Carmo MA, Aguiar MC. Risk factors in burning mouth syndrome: a case-control study based on patient records. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15(4):571-5.

29. Fattori E, Teixeira DS, de Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Stomatological disorders in older people: An epidemiological study in the Brazil southern. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;24(5):e577-e582.

30. Hakan Ç, Yusuf B, Mehmet MH, Recep U, İsmet Rezani T, Mehmet D. Prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in adult Turkish population. Dicle Med J. 2011;38(3):289-93.

31. Cardoso I, Pinto AC, Henriques I, Trancoso P, Azul AM. Oral patohology prevalence in a Portuguese Population of 9595 subjects. Orla Diseases Special. 2016;1(13th):BO36.

32. Asher M, Aderka IM. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol. 2018;74(10):1730-41.

33. Ros Lluch N, Chimenos Küstner E, López López J, Rodríguez de Rivera Campillo ME. Síndrome de ardor bucal: Actualización diagnóstica y terapéutica. Av Odontoestomatol. 2008;24(5):313-21.

34. Marques-Soares MS, Chimenos-Küstner E, Subirá-Pifarrè C, Rodríguez De Rivera-Campillo ME, López- López J. Association of burning mouth syndrome with xerostomía and medicines. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005;10:301-8.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.