Keywords
ultrasound guide injections
CUSUM.
Abstract
Background: Real time ultrasound-guided epidural injections are considered technically more difficult than flouroscopy-guided procedures, with longer learning curves, even in experienced physicians. The cumulative sum (Cusum) method has been shown to be a useful tool to evaluate skill acquisition. The goal of our study was to assess the feasibility of real time, ultrasound guided, paramedian interlaminar epidural steroid injections, in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain. The evaluation of an experienced interventional pain physician ´s learning curve of the technique is proposed, utilizing the CUSUM method. Patients and methods: The feasibility of the technique was studied by the success rate, which was considered the obtaining of an epidurogram exclusively using the ultrasound guide. For Cusum calculations, 20 % was taken as an acceptable failure rate and 40 % unacceptable failure rate. Results: Between August and December 2020, 25 patients were recruited, 15 females and 10 males. The average age of was 52 ± 12 years. In 21 procedures the epidural space was reached exclusively by ultrasound guide, in an average time of 5 ± 1.6 minutes. This implies a success rate of 84 %. In four procedures the epidural space was successfully achieved with the complementary use of fluroscopy. Using the Cumulative Sum method, the learning curve of the technique could be described on an experienced physician in ultrasound guided procedures. A 80 % success rate with statistical significance was obtained after performing 12 procedures. Conclusion: The “real time” ultrasound guided interlaminar epidural steroid injection in the transverse scan, is a feasibly and relatively easy to learn technique. The Cusum method could be a useful tool to assess skill acquisition in interventional pain medicine.References
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