Resumen
La endometriosis es una enfermedad ginecológica crónica y benigna que consiste en el crecimiento de tejido similar al endometrio fuera de la cavidad uterina. Este tejido ectópico actúa como el endometrio eutópico: se engrosa, se degrada y sangra durante el ciclo menstrual. A pesar de ser benigna, la endometriosis infiltra los tejidos y causa una reacción inflamatoria en las zonas donde se implanta. Ambas son responsables de los síntomas clínicos, incluyendo dismenorrea, dolor pélvico crónico, dispareunia, disquecia, disuria y esterilidad. La endometriosis es una enfermedad multifactorial sin una causa conocida. Varios mecanismos pueden contribuir al dolor, incluyendo la compresión o infiltración directa de los nervios, la inflamación y el daño o disfunción de los mismos. El tratamiento del dolor asociado a la endometriosis puede ser médico o quirúrgico. Es esencial una comprensión holística de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del dolor pélvico crónico en pacientes con endometriosis. Esta comprensión, junto con un enfoque multidisciplinar, es clave para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, con el objetivo final de mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes.Referencias
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