Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 15-29 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4045/2022
Nadia Carvajal, Guillermo Romero
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia real del síndrome de boca ardiente (SBA) y los posibles factores de riesgo asociados.
Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, de base poblacional con selección aleatoria simple en mayores de 24 años. Tras muestreo aleatorio, el año 2015 se contactó telefónicamente identificando pacientes que cumplían criterios de inclusión. A estos se les realizó entrevista presencial, descartando presencia de lesiones orales, se realizó test de ansiedad, depresión y analítica. Se agregó una cohorte de pacientes ya diagnosticados de base de datos del Hospital de Ciudad Real de Dermatología, para analizar los posibles factores de riesgo asociados comparando con un grupo control. Las características de los pacientes con SBA y los controles sin SBA se analizaron estadísticamente con el SPSS v 21 y se utilizaron la prueba de Chi cuadrado y el Odds Ratio (OR) para evaluar las diferencias en las características de losgrupos. La significación estadística se fijó en p < 0,05.
Resultados: La prevalencia fue de 0,84 % (IC 95 %: 0,28-1,4). Los factores que alcanzaron significación estadística en el desarrollo de SBA fueron los siguientes: el sexo femenino p < 0,05 (IC 1,43-2,20), antecedentes de ansiedad p < 0,05 (IC 6,4-72,47), depresión p < 0,05 (IC 3,59-34,40 ), de candidiasis oral p < 0,05 (IC 1,44-16,27), de déficit nutricional p < 0,05 (IC 4,1-100,05), miedo al cáncer p < 0,05 (IC 1-1,36), hipotiroidismo p < 0,005 (IC 1,06-31,48) y uso de prótesis dentales p < 0,05 (IC 1,06-32,48). La toma de antidepresivos p < 0,05 (IC 7,28-177,86) y ansiolíticos p < 0,05 (IC 7,56-99,67). La presencia de sequedad bucal subjetiva p < 0,05 (IC 1,81-17,94) y objetiva p < 0,05 (IC 1,47-14,57). Tener alterados los cuestionario de ansiedad p < 0,05 (IC 10,64-183,29) y depresión p < 0,05 (IC: 5,48-132,92).
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SBA en el área de Ciudad Real es de 0,84 por cien habitantes. Aunque puede tener un origen multifactorial, podría existir asociación con el género femenino, antecedente de ansiedad, de depresión, de uso de prótesis dentales, hipotiroidismo de infección por candidiasis oral, el uso de antidepresivos, de ansiolíticos, miedo al cáncer, la sequedad bucal subjetiva y estados actuales de ansiedad y de depresión.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To know the real prevalence of burning mouth syndrome (BAS) and the possible associated risk factors.
Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study with simple random selection in people over 24 years of age. After showing up randomly, in 2015 a telephone call was made to identify patients who met the inclusion criteria. They underwent a face-to-face interview, ruling out the presence of oral lesions, anxiety, depression and analytical tests were performed. A cohort of patients already diagnosed from the Ciudad Real Dermatology Hospital database was added to analyze the possible associated risk factors compared with a control group. Characteristics of BMS patients and non-ABS controls were statistically analyzed with SPSS v 21 and chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to assess differences in group characteristics. Significance statistic was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence was 0.84 % (95 % CI 0.28-1.4). The factors that reached statistical significance in the development of BMS were the following: female sex p < 0.05 (CI 1.43-2.20), history of anxiety p < 0.05 (CI 6.4-72.47) depression p < 0.05 (CI 3.-34.40), oral candidiasis p < 0.05 (CI 1.44-16.27); and nutritional deficit p < 0.05 (CI 4.1-100.05); fear of cancer p < 0.05 (CI 1-1.36); hypothyroidism p < 0.05 (CI 1.06-31.48) and use of dental prostheses p < 0.05 (CI 1.06-32,48). Taking antidepressants p < 0.05 CI (7.28-177.86) and anxiolytics p < 0.05 (CI 7.56-99.67). The presence of subjective dry mouth p < 0.05 (IC 1.81-17,94) and objective p < 0.05 (IC 1.47-14.57). Having altered the Anxiety Questionnaire p < 0.05 (CI 10.64-183.29); and depression p < 0.05 (CI: 5.48-132.92).
Conclusions: The prevalence of BMS in the Ciudad Real area is 0.84 per hundred inhabitants. Although it may have a multifactorial origin, there could be an association with the female gender, a history of anxiety, depression, the use of dental prostheses, hypothyroidism infection by oral candidiasis, the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, fear of cancer, subjective oral sequelae and current states of anxiety and depression.
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