Year 2022 / Volume 29 / Supplement 1

Cannabinoids Article

Cannabinoids in neuropathic pain: lights and shadows

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 20-26 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4027/2022

Ancor Serrano


ABSTRACT

Objectives: The concern about the cannabinoid therapeutic group has been growing in recent decades, both at the level of publications and within the members of the Spanish Pain Society. The interest in cannabinoids in neuropathic pain (NP) is more recent, with the first publications dating back to 2001. This manuscript collects information from the presentation on NP and cannabinoids given for the Cannabinoids Interest Group Conference.
Material and methods: A non-systematic narrative review was carried out. The search term was “medical cannabis” AND “neuropathic pain”. The database used was PubMedâ Centralâ without date limits, with English search language. The most outstanding articles were selected from the categories: “meta-analyses and systematic reviews”, “expert reviews” and “experience from others” (experiences in other countries, after approval).
Results: Since 2001, 54 systematic reviews on cannabinoids and pain have been published with contradictory conclusions. An analysis of the reviews showed low quality of the clinical trials and of the reviews themselves. Of 10 specific reviews on cannabinoids and NP, the majority neither defined the objective of pain analyzed, nor the route of administration of the clinical trials analyzed, nor the type of agent analyzed. Only 1 met AMSTAR-2 high quality criteria while 7 were of critically low quality. A meta-analysis on the patient’s impression of change opinion revealed an odds ratio of 2.0, (confidence interval 1.37-2.94). Some scientific societies have published recommendations on their use as 2nd or 3rd line therapies, but with considerable precautions and limitations. Contradictory data can also be observed in the experience of other countries. In Thailand the number of side effects increased significantly, especially with oil. In Israel, the intensity of pain decreased by 20 %, and the use of analgesics decreased by another 43 %. Morphine Equivalent Dose (DEM) decreased by 42 %. Disability improved by 19 %, and quality of life by another 25 %. Anxiety decreased by 40 % and depression by another 32 %, with an improvement in pain catastrophism of 17 %. In addition, patients reported a 33 % improvement in sleep disturbances, with a 14 % increase in sleep duration. However, in Denmark, users of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) combined with cannabidiol, or pure THC used more daily doses of any analgesic (including opioids), but the consumption of NP-specific medications did decrease.
Conclusions: Systematic reviews reach divergent conclusions about efficacy. The recommendations of the scientific associations differ for cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis. This is because there are research gaps. Physicians who decide to use cannabis-based drugs or medical cannabis to treat DN should consider the limited robust evidence of effect and concerns about resulting harms.



RESUMEN

Objetivos: La inquietud sobre el grupo terapéutico cannabinoide ha ido creciendo en las últimas décadas, tanto a nivel de publicaciones como dentro de los socios de la Sociedad Española del Dolor. El interés sobre los cannabinoides en dolor neuropático (DN) es más reciente, siendo las primeras publicaciones desde el año 2001. El presente manuscrito recoge la información de la ponencia sobre DN y cannabinoides realizada para la Jornada del Grupo de Interés de Cannabinoides.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa no sistemática. El término de búsqueda fue “cannabis medicinal” Y “dolor neuropático”. La base de datos utilizada fue PubMed Central sin límite de fechas, con idioma de búsqueda inglés. Se seleccionaron los artículos más destacados en las categorías: “metanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas”, “revisiones de expertos” y “experiencia ajena” (experiencias en otros países, tras su aprobación).
Resultados: Desde el año 2001 se han publicado 54 revisiones sistemáticas sobre cannabinoides y dolor con conclusiones contradictorias. Un análisis de las revisiones mostró una baja calidad de los propios ensayos clínicos y de las revisiones en sí. De 10 revisiones específicas sobre cannabinoides y DN, la mayoría ni definió el objetivo de dolor analizado, ni la vía de administración de los ensayos clínicos analizados, ni el tipo de agente analizado. Solo 1 cumplía criterios de alta calidad AMSTAR-2, mientras que 7 eran de calidad críticamente baja. Un metanálisis sobre la opinión de la impresión de cambio del paciente reveló un odds ratio de 2,0, (intervalo de confianza 1,37-2,94). Algunas sociedades científicas han publicado recomendaciones sobre su uso como terapias de 2.ª o 3.ª línea, pero con considerables precauciones y limitaciones. En la experiencia de otros países también se pueden observar datos contradictorios. En Tailandia el número de efectos secundarios aumentó significativamente, sobre todo con el aceite. En Israel disminuyó un 20 % la intensidad de dolor, y un 43 % de disminución de uso de analgésicos. La dosis equivalente de morfina (DEM) disminuyó un 42 %. La discapacidad mejoró un 19 %, y la calidad de vida otro 25 %. La ansiedad disminuyó un 40 % y la depresión otro 32 %, con una mejora en el catastrofismo del dolor del 17 %. Además, los pacientes reportaron una mejora del 33 % en las alteraciones del sueño, con un aumento de la duración del sueño del 14 %. Sin embargo, en Dinamarca los usuarios de tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) combinado con cannabidiol o THC puro usaron más dosis diaria de cualquier analgésico (incluyendo opioides), pero sí disminuyó el consumo de los medicamentos específicos para DN.
Conclusiones: Las revisiones sistemáticas llegan a conclusiones divergentes sobre la eficacia. Las recomendaciones de las asociaciones científicas difieren para los medicamentos a base de cannabis y el cannabis medicinal. Esto se debe a que existen lagunas de investigación. Los médicos que decidan usar medicamentos a base de cannabis o cannabis medicinal para tratar el DN deben tener en cuenta la limitada evidencia sólida del efecto y las preocupaciones por los daños derivados.





Complete Article

Nuevo comentario

Security code:
CAPTCHA code image
Speak the codeChange the code
 

Comentarios

No comments in this article

Bibliografía

1. Torres LM, Trinidad JM, Calderón E. Potencial terapéutico de los cannabinoides. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2013;20(3):132-6.
2. Serrano A, Navarro A, Paramés E, Ochoa D, Gálvez R, Pérez C. Hábitos de prescripción para el abordaje del dolor neuropático en España: resultados de la encuesta del grupo de trabajo de dolor neuropático de la Sociedad Española del Dolor. Rev Soc Esp Dolor. 2021;28(3):137. DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3911/2021.
3. Moore RA, Fisher E, Finn DP, Finnerup NB, Gilron I, Haroutounian S, et al. Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines for pain management: an overview of systematic reviews. Pain. 2021;162(Suppl 1):S67-S79.
4. Wilsey B, Marcotte T, Tsodikov A, Millman J, Bentley H, Gouaux B, et al. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Cannabis Cigarettes in Neuropathic Pain. J Pain. 2008;9(6):506-21.
5. Weizman L, Dayan L, Brill S, Nahman-Averbuch H, Hendler T, Jacob G, et al. Cannabis analgesia in chronic neuropathic pain is associated with altered brain connectivity. Neurology. 2018;91(14):e1285-e1294.
6. Schimrigk S, Marziniak M, Neubauer C, Kugler EM, Werner G, Abramov-Sommariva D. Dronabinol Is a Safe Long-Term Treatment Option for Neuropathic Pain Patients. Eur Neurol. 2017;78(5-6):320-9.
7. Meng H, Johnston B, Englesakis M, Moulin DE, Bhatia A. Selective Cannabinoids for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1638-52.
8. Stockings E, Campbell G, Hall WD, Nielsen S, Zagic D, Rahman R, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies. Pain. 2018;159(10):1932-54.
9. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on clinical medicinal products intended for the treatment of neuropathic pain [Internet]. European Medicines Agency [24 de enero de 2007]. Disponible en: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-clinical-medicinal-products-intended-treatment-neuropathic-pain_en.pdf
10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Guidance for Industry Analgesic Indications: Developing Drug and Biological Products [Internet]. Food and Drug Administration [15 de enero de 2014]. Disponible en: https://www.fdanews.com/ext/resources/files/02/02-05-14-Analgesic.pdf
11. Gewandter JS, McDermott MP, Mbowe O, Edwards RR, Katz NP, Turk DC, et al. Navigating trials of personalized pain treatments: we’re going to need a bigger boat. Pain. 2019;160(6):1235-9.
12. Fisher E, Moore RA, Fogarty AE, Finn DP, Finnerup NB, Gilron I, et al. Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pain. 2021;162(Suppl 1):S45-S66.
13. Eisenberg E, Morlion B, Brill S, Häuser W. Medicinal cannabis for chronic pain: The bermuda triangle of low‐quality studies, countless meta‐analyses and conflicting recommendations. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(6):1183-5.
14. Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017;358:j4008.
15. Häuser W, Finn DP, Kalso E, Krcevski-Skvarc N, Kress HG, Morlion B, et al. European Pain Federation (EFIC) position paper on appropriate use of cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for chronic pain management. Eur J Pain. 2018;22(9):1547-64.
16. Allan GM, Ramji J, Perry D, Ton J, Beahm NP, Crisp N, et al. Simplified guideline for prescribing medical cannabinoids in primary care. Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can. 2018;64(2):111-20.
17. Casey S, Vaughan C. Plant-Based Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Medicines. 2018;5(3):67.
18. Nutt DJ, Phillips LD, Barnes MP, Brander B, Curran HV, Fayaz A, et al. A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Comparing Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Neuropathic Pain, Including Cannabinoids and Cannabis-Based Medical Products. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2022;7(4):482-500.
19. Zinboonyahgoon N, Srisuma S, Limsawart W, Rice ASC, Suthisisang C. Medicinal cannabis in Thailand: 1-year experience after legalization. Pain. 2021;162(Suppl 1):S105-S109.
20. Aviram J, Pud D, Gershoni T, Schiff-Keren B, Ogintz M, Vulfsons S, et al. Medical cannabis treatment for chronic pain: Outcomes and prediction of response. Eur J Pain. 2021;25(2):359-74.
21. Hjorthøj C, La Cour P, Nordentoft M, Posselt CM. Cannabis‐based medicines and medical cannabis for patients with neuropathic pain and other pain disorders: Nationwide register‐based pharmacoepidemiologic comparison with propensity score matched controls. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(2):480-91.
22. Petzke F, Tölle T, Fitzcharles MA, Häuser W. Cannabis-Based Medicines and Medical Cannabis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain. CNS Drugs. 2022;36(1):31-44.
23. Serrano Afonso A, Carnaval T, Videla Cés S. Combination Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Review of Recent Evidence. J Clin Med. 2021;10(16):3533.
24. IASP Presidential Task Force on Cannabis and Cannabinoid Analgesia. International Association for the Study of Pain Presidential Task Force on Cannabis and Cannabinoid Analgesia position statement. Pain. 2021;162(Suppl 1):S1-S2.

Artículos relacionados

Characteristics and effectiveness of therapeutic exercise on cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(4): 250-259 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4098/2023

Exosomes as a potential therapeutic strategy for low back pain: literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(4): 243-249 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4075/2023

Continuous electrical stimulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. A systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(4): 217-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4043/2022

Persistent headache after craniotomy for meningioma: charting of the afferent pathways for nociception: a discussion

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 191-195 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4069/2023

Pharmacogenetics in analgesic response: towards a sex-differences personalized medicine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 115-124 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4042/2022

Superior hypogastric plexus block for the management of non-oncological chronic pelvic pain: effectiveness and safety

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 109-114 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4038/2022

Effect of therapeutic exercise in persons with sacroiliac joint dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 95-108 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4034/2022

Pulsed radiofrequency of the supraescapular nerve in the treatment of painful shoulder

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 36-48 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4046/2022

Review of the remission and management of a cancer related pain population to a pain unit. What can we improve?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 7-14 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4010/2022

Treatment of painful scars with 5 % lidocaine patch: clinical cases report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 187-191 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3997/2022

Usefulness of percutaneous basivertebral nerve thermorizotomy for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 169-174 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4044/2022

Efficacy of physiotherapy on the anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 157-168 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3994/2022

Peripheral facial palsy following glossopharyngeal block: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 114-118 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3963/2021

The biopsychosocial nature of chronic pelvic floor pain: a narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 97-113 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3981/2022

Myofascial pain syndrome in the female pelvic floor musculature. Narrative review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 88-96 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3970/2022

Effects of hydrotherapy on pain in osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia: a narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 78-87 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3955/2021

Practical aspects of product selection and titration with medical cannabis for chronic pain management

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 43-51 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4031/2022

Medical cannabis treatment in patients with visceral chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 32-42 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4030/2022

Is medical cannabis useful for the treatment of fibromyalgia?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 27-31 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4029/2022

Medical cannabis and cancer: benefits for cancer pain and other related symptoms

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 14-19 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4026/2022

Current evidence of medical cannabis treatment in patients with chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 10-13 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4024/2022

Bone pain management with opioid medication in a patient with Camurati-Engelmann disease: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 51-55 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3930/2021

Peroneal neuropathy caused by an extraneural ganglion: literary review and treatment proposal. A non-positive case

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 354-357 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3919/2021

Use of botulinum toxin for pain after amputation

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 332-342 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3943/2021

End-of-life transfusions in patients with an oncological diagnosis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 319-324 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3956/2021

New opioids with different intracellular mechanism of action; is a new therapeutic window opening up?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 292-297 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3891/2021

The unsolved problem of postoperative pain: critical analysis and prospects for improvement

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 232-238 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3917/2021

Dorsal root ganlion pulsed radiofrequency for lumbosacral radicular pain: a narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 219-231 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3882/2021

Pharmacological osteonecrosis in maxillofacial surgery, period 2013-2019

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 211-218 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3837/2020

Clinical recommendations for rehabilitation of people with fibromyalgia. A narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 194-210 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3932/2021

Persistent hiccups after epidural injection of betamethasone: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 169-171 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3914/2021

Genicular nerve radiofrequency in osteoarthritis-related chronic knee pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(3): 154-168 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3900/2021

Parsonage-turner after rabies vaccination due to bat bite: case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 57-61 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3832/2020

Transfusions at the end of life. Review of some important considerations

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 47-52 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3831/2020

Inflammatory mediators: its connection with chronic pain and associated problems. Review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 37-46 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3841/2020

Interventional management of osteoarthritic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 85-90 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3853/2020

Platelet rich plasma and intra-articular mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 80-84 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3858/2020

Intra-articular botulinum toxin and ozone in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 73-79 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3857/2020

Infiltrations of steroids and hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 64-72 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3854/2020

New pharmacological targets for osteoarthritis induced pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 57-63 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3863/2020

Opioids in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 49-56 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3855/2020

Central sensitization in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 31-37 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3876/2020

Ethiopathogenic mechanism of osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 11-17 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3851/2020

Epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutic objectives in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 4-10 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3874/2020

Effectiveness and current recommendation of manual therapy on hip osteoarthritis. An overview

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 375-391 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3835/2020

Impact of group psychological intervention on conventional radiofrequency tributary patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 349-360 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3830/2020

Considerations for clinical examination of nonspecific neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 316-323 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3834/2020

Opioid misuse in patients with cancer pain: an integrative systematic review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 306-315 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3801/2020

Therapeutic failure of the lumbar medial branch block and its relation to obesity. Retrospective cohort study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 298-305 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3829/2020

Identification of signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of discogenic low back pain: mapping review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 292-297 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3803/2020

Splanchnic nerve block for the treatment of benign chronic abdominal pain. a case report and literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 273-277 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3818/2020

Clinical pathophysiology in patients with sickle cell disease: the transition from acute to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 257-268 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3814/2020

Gender determinants in the approach to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 252-256 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3802/2020

Incidence of postmastectomy pain syndrome. Retrospective analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 246-251 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3797/2020

Suboccipital decompression as an alternative in the treatment of pain secundary to occipital neuralgia: a case series

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 221-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3791/2020

Review of the impact of acupuncture treatment on the management of nonspecific low back pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 53-58 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3762/2019

Peripheral acting Mu opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of the opioid-induced constipation: review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 37-49 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3717/2018

Neurolytic procedures for pancreatic cáncer pain: a systematic review and a proposal for an algorithm treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 342-358 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3715/2018

New strategies for postoperative pain control in tonsillectomy surgery. Is all that glitters gold?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(5): 270-275 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3742/2019

Orofacial pain in the dental clinic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 233-242 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3724/2019

Pain in Parkinson's disease. A look at a little known aspect of this pathology

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 184-198 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3733/2019

Myofascial pain syndrome as a cause of postoperative acute pain in hip surgery

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 117-119 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3655/2018

Dexmedetomidine as peripheral nerve block adjuvant

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 103-115 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3695/2018

Oxytocin and chronic pain in humans

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 52-58 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3664/2018

Influence of psychosocial factors in the experience of musculoskeletal pain: a literatura review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 44-51 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3679/2018

Project adapta: adequacy of treatment in breakthrough cancer pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 31-43 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3661/2018

Evidence-based recommendations for the management of neuropathic pain (review of the literature)

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 349-358 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3673/2018

Farmacologic adyuvants with saving effect of opioids in the perioperative period

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(5): 278-290 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3663/2018

Platelet-rich plasma in treating peripheral neuropathic pain. Preliminary report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(5): 263-270 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3625/2017

Sex and pain: sexual satisfaction and sexual function in a sample of patients with chronic, non-pelvic pain

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(3): 145-154 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3600/2017

Potential uses of Mirtazapine in palliative care beyond its antidepressant effect

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2018; 25(1): 37-44 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3575/2017

The effectiveness of electrical spinal-cord stimulation in type i complex regional pain syndrome. A literature review

Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2017; 24(4): 169-178 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3501/2016

Instrucciones para citar

Serrano A. Cannabinoids in neuropathic pain: lights and shadows. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2022; 29(13): 20-26 / DOI: 1020986/resed20224027/2022


Descargar a un gestores de citas

Descargue la cita de este artículo haciendo clic en uno de los siguientes gestores de citas:

Métrica

Este artículo ha sido visitado 9606 veces.
Este artículo ha sido descargado 1 veces.

Estadísticas de Dimensions


Estadísticas de Plum Analytics

Ficha Técnica

Aceptado: 15/09/2022

Publicado: 28/10/2022


Compartir

Este artículo aun no tiene valoraciones.
Reader rating:
Rate this article:
© 2024 Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
ISSN: 1134-8046   e-ISSN: 2254-6189

      Indexada en: